Fire Adapted, Fire Dependent

Insulated by thick, grooved bark and able to shed lower branches to protect its crown, Ponderosa pine is a critical Washington species that is heavily fire adapted.

Black rings and dates show this pine survived surface fires every 8-15 years, prior to national fire suppression policies adopted in 1910 (notice the lack of black rings after 1908). 

When we attempt to eradicate fire in our forests:

• more trees compete for water and nutrients and overall forest health declines
• vast areas of unnaturally dense forest are created with few breaks to halt the spread of wildfire

Protecting Public Safety

We all agree that our first priority is keeping our communities and firefighters safe. 

Controlled fire helps to reduce stockpiled fuels, which allows wildfire to burn slower and cooler. At times, this means fires can be safely managed without direct intervention. When action is required, landscapes treated with prescribed fire are safer for firefighters to work in and have more defensible spaces to effectively fight the fire.

With a healthier forest, wildfire goes out naturally, or fire teams have more options for efficient containment. People, pets and livestock are safer. More homes and businesses remain standing; more watershed and sensitive habitat survives. That is fighting fire with fire.

Fire is complex, but it can work for us. We need more frequent, low-intensity fire, and the expert collaboration and sound science to decide when, where and how we burn.

Ecology

Forests, woodlands, prairies, grasslands, shrub-steppe - all these Washington ecosystems depend on fire to thrive. While each ecosystem has its own unique relationship to fire, generally speaking, controlled fire can be used to:

• create a healthy mosaic of plants and trees that are more resistant and resilient to fire, insects and disease
• promote plant growth, vigor and diversity
• maintain vegetation patterns that provide cool, clear water for people and wildlife

Wildlife

Fire helps provide a diversity of habitats in ecosystems that are preferred by many species, leading to greater biodiversity.

Big game animals like deer and elk highly prefer shrubs and forbs that regrow after a fire, and mountain goats and bighorn sheep favor open browsing habitat to brushy, densely treed zones.

Increased open space and stimulated post-fire foods such as berries and seeds attract smaller animals and birds.